The vacuum cleaner – the household appliance
that uses partial vacuum to suck up dirt, dust, lint and other impurities from
floors and other surfaces, such as upholstery – is part of our daily lives, but
the machine as we know it has been around only for around 100 years.
The appliance was born out of the wish to make
floor and upholstery cleaning faster and more efficient. While brooms and
scrubbing tools were the standard cleaning tools until the Industrial
Revolutions, the 19th century saw numerous inventions in the field of cleaning.
First, the carpet sweeper (a handheld device that used rollers and brushes to
lift dirt) was invented, then, as engines and motors powered by various sources
of fuel were invented, the first gasoline-powered cleaner was invented. That
first machine was so large that it was drawn by horses and it worked by blowing
air, not by suction. The first vacuum that worked by the same principle as the
units we know today was launched in 1901 in England, but it still had to be
applied on a horse-drawn carriage. The first portable, electric vacuum was
invented at the beginning of the 20th century, with many engineers
and inventors experimenting with variations of the technology. The construction
that became the first mass-produced unit was created by James Murray Spangler
from Ohio, who sold his invention to William Henry Hoover in 1908.
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